"What duty does an HIV-positive individual have to avoid transmitting the virus? What level of awareness should be required before a court imposes a duty of care on an HIVpositive individual to avoid transmission of the virus? What responsibility does the victim have to protect himself or herself against possible infection with the virus?" Those are questions raised in a recent case before the California Supreme Court.
Why did Bridget sue her husband? : "Bridget [the wife] allege[d] that John [her husband] became infected with HIV first, as a result of engaging in unprotected sex with multiple men before and during their marriage, and that he then knowingly or negligently transmitted the virus to her. John, who now has full-blown AIDS, allege[d] in his answer that Bridget infected him and offers as proof a negative HIV test conducted in connection with his application for life insurance on August 17, 2000, six weeks before Bridget discovered she was infected with HIV." Bridget sued John for intentional infliction of emotional distress, negligent infliction of emotional distress, fraud and negligence. John not only alleged that Bridget gave him HIV but also alleged that fault should be assessed against her because she did not insist that he wear a condom.
The case went up a discovery issues: what scope of discovery should be permitted the alleged negative HIV test results six weeks before Bridget’s diagnosis? And what about the right to privacy? Of course, the scope of discovery is in some ways depend on the viability of the various causes of action and that is where the Court got into substantive tort law.